Sorbitized (5.50) ezigbo ọkpọkọ ígwè maka akụkụ ụgbọ ala.Aha mbụ bụ "Ụzọ imenyụ ndu".Ebe ọ bụ na 1950s, mba anyị na-ekpo ọkụ ígwè waya na austenitizing okpomọkụ, na mgbe ahụ mikpuru ya na-edu ndú bath na okpomọkụ dị nso n'imi nke isothermal mgbanwe eserese.A na-edobe okpomọkụ nke isothermal ruo mgbe decomposition austenitic gwụchara, na mgbe ahụnkenke ígwè ọkpọkọA na-ewepụta nke ọma maka akụkụ ụgbọ ala ma mee ka ọ dị jụụ n'ikuku iji nweta ihe niile ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ n'ime usoro sorbite.Kpọọ onwe ya na iwe ọkụ (6.4) (6.5).
Na mbụ, e nwere okwu n'ozuzu okwu nke "ngwa ngwa combustion", nke a ghọtara pụtara na mgbe n'elu quenching nke kpọmkwem ígwè anwụrụ maka ụgbọala akụkụ, quenched akụkụ nke ụgbọala.nkenke enweghị nkebi anwụrụn'ihi na akụkụ ụgbọ ala na-ekpo ọkụ ma na-ekpo ọkụ n'ihi ntụgharị ọkụ na-apụta n'ime obi.Otú ọ dị, site n'ime omimi ọmụmụ nke ala-carbon martensite, a chọpụtara na n'ihi na ya elu Ms isi, a na-eme ka iwe ọkụ n'otu ntabi anya na usoro nkwụsị nkeezigbo ọkpọkọ ígwè maka ngwa ụgbọ ala, nke a na-akpọ iwe iwe ọkụ.Nke a bụ usoro nke ịnyefe okpomọkụ site na isi nke ọkpọkọ ígwè ụgbọ ala ziri ezi gaa n'elu na iwe ọkụ site na kpo oku.Nkwụsi ike eke (ma ọ bụ ọgwụgwọ nkwụsi ike) (7.8).
Ịtinye nkedo n'ikuku ruo ogologo oge ga-eme ka mgbatị ahụ dị jụụ, si otú a na-eme ka ọdịdị na nha nke nkedo ahụ guzosie ike, nke a na-akpọkarị ọgwụgwọ ịka nká na China.Ọ bụ ezie na okwu Bekee " seasoning "nwere ike ịsụgharị n'ụzọ nkịtị dị ka "ịka nká", ịka nká akọwawo n'ụzọ doro anya na ọpụrụiche nke okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ usoro nke ziri ezi ígwè ọkpọkọ maka metal owuwu na akpaaka akụkụ, ya bụ, mgbe ngwọta ọgwụgwọ ma ọ bụ oyi plastic deformation. arụmọrụ ya na-agbanwe na oge mgbe etinyere ya na ụlọ okpomọkụ ma ọ bụ na okpomọkụ dị ntakịrị elu.
Mgbanwe arụmọrụ nke ihe ndị dị nchara nchara nkenke nke a na-eji maka akụkụ ụgbọ ala mgbe ịka nká bụ ọdịda nke ihe ndị sitere na mgbasa ozi, ewezuga ntụrụndụ ma ọ bụ nkwụsị nke nrụgide dị n'ime.Iji gbanarị mgbagwoju anya, a ga-akpọ ihe nkedo dị ka "nkwụsi ike (ma ọ bụ eke)" kama ịbụ "ịka nká".Nkesa ọdịnaya carbon (8.23).Ọdịnaya carbon nke ọkpọkọ nchara pụrụ iche maka akụkụ ụgbọ ala na-ezo aka na ọdịnaya carbon n'ozuzu ma ọ bụ akụkụ nke akụkụ ígwè, mana enweghị oke.Ntinye carbon ya nwere oke na ngwọta siri ike na α Iron ma ọ bụ γ Carbon ọdịnaya nke ígwè.
Carbides na-apụtakarị n'elu carburized nke alloy steel automotive precision steel tubes, ọkachasị carbide siri ike carburizing (8.14) mepụtara n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya.Ya mere, ọ bụ ihe kwesịrị ekwesị iwere ihe ndị dị na carbon dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọdịnaya carbon na oyi akwa carburized.Ọrụ carbon (8.27).Ihe omume pụtara n'anụ ahụ bụ ntinye dị irè nke solute nyere na ngwọta enyere (ma ọ bụ ngwọta siri ike).Carburizing nke nkenke ígwè ọkpọkọ maka akụkụ ụgbọ ala na-emekarị na austenitic steeti, otú carbon ọrụ nke ígwè carburizing n'ozuzu na-ezo aka irè ịta nke carbon na austenite.
Ekwesịrị ịkọwapụta na arụ ọrụ na ọnụọgụ ọrụ nke carbon na ferrite ekwesịghị ịgbakọ site na iji usoro pụtara ìhè na ọchịchọ.Okwu maka ọgwụgwọ elu nke tubes na-egbuke egbuke maka ụgbọ ala.N'ihi na elu ọgwụgwọ nke ziri ezi ígwè ọkpọkọ maka ụgbọala akụkụ bụ nnọọ ọtụtụ ebe na-eji mgbanwe technology na ihe ụlọ ọrụ taa, usoro nke laser cladding (12.1), laser ujo ọgwụgwọ (12.2), micro arc oxidation (12.3), ion implantation ( 12.4), agbakwunyere ọkụ ọkụ elektrọn beam irradiation siri ike (12.20), spraying plasma (12.21), spraying thermal (12.22) na okwu ndị ọzọ metụtara ya dabere na usoro nke mbipụta 1999.Na ndabere a, anyị agbanweela usoro nke nnyefe ụgbọ ala ndị a aro nkenke ígwè tubes,ma rụọ ọrụ nke ọma na injinia elu na ngwakọta ikpo ọkụ nke okwu nkwụnye ego
Oge nzipu: Ọktoba 10-2022